从“三分工七分晾”说开去

杨世明

 
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">从“三分工七分晾”说开去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“做紫砂壶最好在家里。”周鹏飞边做壶便和我聊天。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“为什么？”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“我们这里有句行话，叫做‘三分工七分浪’”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“什么是浪？”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“浪是本地读音，就是普通话里‘晾衣服’的晾字。紫砂壶的制作过程中，壶坯不是一鼓作气，马不停蹄地制出来的，要根据天气、气温、湿度和紫砂泥的干湿，或者要忙一会儿，或者会闲一会儿，像晾衣服一样晾一会儿。哈哈，插孔还能做点家务活。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“你的话是不是可以这样理解？就是说，制壶做工技艺很重要，认知泥性、天性更重要！反过来说，你的手工活再好，若对紫砂泥性、天气、温度、干湿度掌握不好，那制出的壶也容易出毛病。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“对，是这个意思。你看我这里有空调，可是不论天热、天冷，不到逼不得已我不开。今天下大雪，我也没有开。不是我不怕冷，而是空调一开，室内的‘小环境气候’就变了。‘小环境的气候’变了，我得重新学着变，不然壶就容易出毛病。你看这把壶，它的嘴上方有个细细的裂缝，就是接嘴时温度、干湿度控制不好，经火一烧，那看不见的毛病就露出来了。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“这把壶，你带着做个资料。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">周鹏飞是范家壶庄的手工高手，我到宜兴来，经常看他制壶。“三分工七分晾”的话是我第一次听到。后来，我请教紫砂文化学者、《宜兴紫砂》杂志的副主编<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:smarttags" /><st1ersonName w:st="on" productid="陈茆生">陈茆生</st1ersonName>先生，制壶人有没有这句话，这句话如何理解？<st1ersonName w:st="on" productid="陈">陈</st1ersonName>先生说“稍有经历的紫砂人都知道这句话，周鹏飞的解释也是对的。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">三分工，见于手，见于程序，见于生熟；七分晾，见于心，见于制壶的全过程，见于认知、时间、实践、积累，更见于感悟、悟性。制作的水平在于“三分工”，更在于“七分晾”，故紫砂人有拍打镶接三年能打出点样，十年才能找到感觉的体验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">陈茆生、周鹏飞对“三分工七分晾”的解释，使我想起了《考工记》里对工艺创造观的记载：“天有时，地有气，材有美，工有巧，合此四者，然后可以为良。”意思是说，工艺创造涉及时间节气、空间地理、材质物性和行工技艺四项要素，只有综合把握，利用、适应它们，才能制作出精良的作品，《中国艺术》把它概括为“合以求良”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">《中国艺术》一书对《考工记》创造的原则，以“制弓”技艺对“合以为良”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">的观念作以阐述。其一，主张生产时空与自然时空顺应不悖，以求造物和造化的沟通。例如，冬天宜于制弓杆，春天浸角，夏天治筋，秋天合成；弓材以燕地牛角、荆州弓杆为好。其二，主张行工技艺和物材性理顺应不悖，以求人工和天工和谐统一。例如，制作弓杆务必顺应材质纹理，解剖牛角不能歪斜；弓的内外漆痕应该自然，如同人的手心到手背纹理的过度。其三，要求器物文质与人格身心顺应不悖，以求物理和人文配合无间。例如，弓的制式要和使用者的体型，甚至性格气质相谐。倘若这些方面都做到了，也就是“合”了，那么造物就可以得以圆满。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">说句实话，我读《考工记》和有关书籍时，对这“四有”观一是不理解，二是觉得中国人说什么事就是容易“玄”乎，做个工艺品也是如此。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">今天周鹏飞说的“三分工七分晾”不玄，很生活化，解释得也很容易理解。这可能是我看到周鹏飞制壶的次数多，有了感性认识的原因吧！</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">《考工记》里的“天有时，地有气，材有美，工有巧，合此四者，然后可以为良”，周鹏飞说得“三分工七分晾”，不是一个意思吗？不过一个是书面语，一个是生活话罢了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">这书面语、生活话，反映了什么、体现了什么？不正是中国“天人合一”的古老思想在“工艺造物”领域里的延伸、具化、再现、实践吗？不正是作为中国非物质文化的工艺美术的文脉、血脉、魂魄吗？我以为正是。制紫砂壶要应天时、知泥性、心手巧，这三者的“应、知、巧”，不都是人的智慧、才能、审美追求吗？是的，这是紫砂壶传统手工艺里的人文文化，这也是传统手工艺不同于电脑、机械、进口模具制壶的人文“内涵”。电脑、机械、进口模具有它们的文化内涵，但它们绝不同于紫砂壶艺“三分工七分晾”的人文文化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“天人合一”观是中华民族文化之根；“三分工七分晾”是从这粗大深植之根上长出的五彩之花。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" year="2009" M="M"  day="25" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2009</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">11</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">星期三</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">杨世明于《知陶居》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>

杨世明

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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">附：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">《考工记》简介</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 25.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《考工记》是中国目前所见年代最早的手工业技术文献，这部著作记述了齐国官营手工业各个工种的设计规范和制造工艺，书中保留有先秦大量的手工业生产技术、工艺美术资料，记载了一系列的生产管理和营建制度，一定程度上反映了当时的思想观念。该书在中国科技史、工艺美术史和文化史上都占有重要地位。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在当时世界上也是独一无二的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 19.2pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">今天所见《考工记》，是作为《周礼》的一部分。《周礼》原名《周官》，由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">天官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">地官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">春官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">夏官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">秋官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">冬官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">六篇组成。西汉时，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">冬官</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">"</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">篇佚缺，河间献王刘德便取《考工记》补入。刘歆校书编排时改《周官》为《周礼》，故《考工记》又称《周礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">考工记》（或《周礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">冬官考工记》）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">《中国艺术》。全国干部学习读本。人民日报出版社出版，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2002</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">月第一版第一次印刷</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>