鳌翁考出刘伯温 笑谈异僧富贵土

杨世明

 
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">鳌翁考出刘伯温</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">笑谈异僧富贵土</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">朱元璋于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1391</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年下诏废团茶，导致茶壶飞黄腾达，至今不过区区</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">619</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年，竟编出了一个个神话，例如那异僧提示富贵土的故事。有意思的是大家并不相信，但都你说我讲，我写你抄。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">为什么不信还要接着讲，因为没有史料诠释“异僧”现象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">时间到了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年，台湾学者、宜兴老人徐鳌润先生，才从历史中找到刘伯温笑说“千年不朽土”的史料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">清代吴骞（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1733</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1813</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">）在撰写《阳羡名陶录》时，任安上给他一帧徐友泉家墓志铭的手抄本。其墓志铭说：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">“刘基，字伯温，青田人，元时往来于宜兴张渚山中，（长岗岭长林里有徐氏，元季极富，因助张士诚，子孙避走），追金陵王气所在。一日，至川埠，见与人徐某足白屦，知父丧未葬。询何不谋安土？曰：我葬亲极难，须得千年不朽者。基笑曰：前山便吉也。遂定穴。”徐氏家后来生下徐友泉父子，工艺茗壶，号大徐小徐。（见《徐鳌润论文集》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">120</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">页）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">吴骞一看大吃一惊，这和《阳羡茗壶系》讲的天差地别。周高起在《阳羡茗壶系》中记载“相传壶土所出用时，先有异僧，经行村落。日呼曰：卖富贵土！人群嗤之。僧曰：贵不要买，买富何如？因引村叟，指山中产土之穴。及去，发之，果备五色，烂若披锦。”对于周高起的记载，《阳羡砂壶图考》作者认为“此条本属神话，不足置信，但相传已久，古仍存之，以觇宜兴风俗而已。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">吴骞也许如《图考》作者所想，也许不愿这神话得以揭穿，他一生没有采用刘基与赵庄徐氏碑记，后来他的儿子翻出了任安上的“手抄本”，并把其公布于众。于是，这篇记载刘伯温考察过宜兴山水的史料，写进了《阳羡名陶续录》，补遗，家溯，并被列入《续修四库全书》·子部，谱录类，第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">121</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">册。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">宜兴紫砂是不是“千年不朽”之土？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">徐鳌润先生说：“如今科学证明紫砂之器埋于土中可达数千年之久，甚至更久。”（见《徐鳌润论文集》之</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">42</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">页）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">神话“始陶异僧”，虽在流传，但信者早已不多了。今天，徐鳌润先生考证出朱元璋的军师刘伯温曾研究过蜀山风水，更是需要那位“异僧”远行了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">至于历史上有多少陶工知道刘伯温的考察，那就不得而知了。以我守旧的观念看，紫砂陶土是陶工们发现的，其认识泥料的水平、炼制砂料的能力，是在不断的积累中进步的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">劳动创造了世界，也创造了紫砂陶。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 264pt; mso-char-indent-count: 22.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">杨世明于《门外读陶居》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.05pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>2010</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">年国庆节</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>